1.OverviewThe vast majority of earthquake-damaged buildings can be made “as solid as a rock.”
Indonesia is one of the most seismically active countries globally. The vast majority of earthquake-damaged buildings (especially those whose main structural framework has not collapsed) can not only be restored for use through reinforcement but also have their seismic fortification intensity upgraded to a higher level than before the earthquake by applying modern seismic technologies. Strengthening earthquake-damaged buildings is an internationally recognized mainstream solution to protect assets and enable rapid resumption of operations.
II. Earthquake Damage Levels and Repair Solutions
Post-earthquake repairs must address not only “visible cracks” but also “invisible internal damage”:
⑴、Minor seismic damage (slight damage)
Symptoms: Non-load-bearing walls (such as red brick walls or aerated block walls) exhibit hairline cracks or tile shedding, while beams and columns remain structurally intact.
Disposal: This type of damage is very common in earthquakes of magnitude 5.0-6.0 in Indonesia. Simply perform pressure grouting (Grouting) to repair the walls and reinforce overhanging components such as parapets and canopies.
⑵、Moderate Damage – Most Worthwhile to Repair
Symptoms: Diagonal cracks appear at beam-column joints (precursor to shear failure), through-cracking of load-bearing walls, and minor settlement caused by localized soil liquefaction.
Treatment:
Foundation: If soil liquefaction occurs (common in Palu and parts of Jakarta), high-pressure jet grouting or compaction grouting should be used to reinforce the foundation.
Structure: Use carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) wrapping (to enhance confinement) or external steel reinforcement to repair damaged joints.
⑶、Severely damaged (serious damage)
Phenomenon: “Lantern-shaped” damage observed at column bases (concrete crushing, steel reinforcement buckling), noticeable building tilting, and localized floor slab cracking.
Remediation: Implement a support system transition, performing section enlargement (Concrete Jacketing) or structural replacement for severely damaged columns. As long as no “pancake collapse” has occurred, the structure can still be salvaged through overall reinforcement.
III. Legal and Compliance Requirements (Mandatory Process in Indonesia)
Post-earthquake building restoration is subject to strict supervision and must complete the following closed-loop process:
Rapid Assessment (Asesmen Cepat): Post-earthquake, a preliminary safety assessment is conducted by engineers holding professional qualifications (SKA) to determine if the building is “hazardous.”
Structural Identification Report (Audit Forensik Struktur)For moderate to severe earthquake damage, a detailed identification report must be issued, serving as the core basis for applying to local governments for repair permits (PBG) or insurance claims.
Reactivation of SLFThe Functional Compliance Certificate for Earthquake-Damaged Buildings (SLF) is legally in an invalid state. After completion of the repair works, it must undergo seismic review testing to regain the SLF before the building can be legally occupied or operated.
IV. Why is retrofitting more advantageous than reconstruction in Indonesia? %% Dimension %% Retrofitting and Repair %% Demolition and Reconstruction (Rebuild) %% Economic Cost
| Typically 30% – 50% of the reconstruction cost. | Strengthening and retrofitting | Demolition and reconstruction (rebuilding) |
| Economic cost | Typically 30% – 50% of reconstruction costs. | Subject to substantial demolition costs, waste removal fees, and full construction and installation expenses. |
| Administrative Approval | Falls under “post-disaster restoration,” with expedited approval through the green channel for fast processing. | The PBG (previously IMB) needs to be reapplied, which may take several months. |
| Seismic Standards | Proactive Upgrade: Reinforcement according to SNI 1726:2019 standards. | Passive Compliance, and the foundation design needs to be completely redone. |
| Social Impact | Short construction period (15-45 days), minimizing neighborhood anxiety. | High noise and dust levels, long-term occupation of public spaces. |
5. Expert Recommendations
Focus on “Non-Structural Components” SafetyMany earthquake casualties are caused by falling parapets, billboards, or decorative tiles. Ensure these ancillary components are properly anchored during reinforcement.
Enhancing Seismic Resilience: During reinforcement and retrofitting, it is recommended to incorporate the concept of “energy dissipation and vibration reduction,” such as adding reinforced concrete structural columns (Kolom Praktis) within existing brick-concrete structures to form a complete seismic-resistant framework.
Claims Assistance: If the property is covered by Earthquake Insurance, a professional reinforcement plan and cost estimate are crucial for obtaining full compensation.
6. Conclusion
Damage from earthquakes does not signify the end of a building’s lifespan. With modern engineering technology, earthquake-damaged structures can be completely “reborn.” Through scientific reinforcement and renovation, not only can your asset be preserved, but it can also provide you, your family, or your employees with a fortified stronghold that exceeds pre-earthquake safety standards.
Expert tips:
For post-earthquake repairs, remember that “addressing the symptoms must also tackle the root cause.” Simply covering cracks with plaster is extremely dangerous during the next aftershock. Be sure to contact a professional team with IPTAK certification for thorough structural inspection.